International Journal of Applied Science and Research

IDIBEKE AMOS JOHN Ph.D, SUNDAY ETIM EKWERE Ph.D, PROFESSOR EDEM ETIM PETERS

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2022.5401

ABSTRACT: This paper attempts a definition of the term exhibition with particular attention to Visual Art Exhibition, knowing that there are different forms of exhibitions that may not relate to visual arts. The paper equally highlighted on the various types of exhibitions pointing out the virtual exhibition as a new inclusion that has greatly changed the traditional format of visual art exhibition with its attendant impact on the outcome of the results of exhibitions. The highlighted focuses on the challenges of understanding the scope of the basic types of exhibition in contemporary times, as has been redefined by the concept of virtual exhibition. The relevance of exhibition to artists and the significance to the public is deeply discussed with the aim of positioning visual art exhibition in its rightful place as a catalyst for social change. This assertion could be seen in the significant effort of Kenneth C. Murray as a pioneer curator and organizer of visual art exhibition in Nigeria. Murray was a British Art Teacher in Nigeria who was instrumental to the establishment of Oron Museum in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, and he recognized Oron Carvings since 1938 and collected them for permanent art exhibition in the Oron Museum. The above therefore formed the conceptual framework of this paper. The opinions, positions and oppositions of other authorities in this matter are considered as they form the indices for postulating the idea of art exhibition as catalyst for social unification. However, the paper concludes that for the visual art exhibition to function as a catalyst for social unification, the elements of unity and integration must be factors the exhibitions composed of, for it to engender the expression of such feelings of social togetherness.

Keyword: Visual Arts, Catalyst, Social Unification, Virtual Exhibition, Contemporary times.

Jumarlian Santi Rafiun, Rahmat Madjid, Muh Nur, Rince Tambunan

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2022.5402

ABSTRACT: This research aims to determine and analyze the effects of performance allowances on work motivation, the effects of performance allowances on employee performance, the effects of organizational support on work motivation, the effects of organizational support on employee performance, the effects of work motivation on employee performance and the role of work motivation in mediating the effects of performance allowances on employee performance and organizational support on employee performance at Industry and Trade Office Southeast Sulawesi Province. The population in this research is all civil workers working at Industry and Trade Office Southeast Sulawesi Province, namely 87 employees. The research samples were determined by using sensus method, namely by taking all population as the research sample. Therefore, the research respondents were 87 people. Results of the research conclude that the performance allowances has positive and significant effects on work motivation and employee performance, work motivation has positive and significant effects on employee performance, organizational support has positive and significant effects on work motivation and employee performance meanwhile the mediation role of motivation on the effects of performance allowances and organizational support on employee performance can be found to be able to mediate.

Keyword: Performance Allowances, Organizational Support, Motivation, Performance

Von Miguel P. Asenorio 1 , Luzvimin B. Dela Rosa 2, Dorothy Mae M. Dinagsao 3, Hyacinth I. Laranio 4, Neil Bryan D. Miague 5, Jay-arr J. Polestico 6 and Dr. Jenyliza T. Ucang

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2022.5403

ABSTRACT: The study aims to assess the students' level of knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and academic performance in a dynamic learning program (DLP). The Dynamic Learning Program (DLP), which is based on activity-based multidomain learning, requires students to work independently in order to read the concept notes and complete the exercises before the lesson is discussed and explained. This way, students can independently discover and understand the lesson. Students learn more by acting than by merely listening, according to the theory. This study utilized descriptive statistics to determine the students' level of knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and academic performance. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and multiple-linear regression were both used to determine which variable or variables, alone or in combination, best predict students' academic achievement in mathematics. This study was conducted at Pangantucan Community High School, Pangantucan, and Bukidnon. The respondents of this study were the 120 grade-11 students who were exposed to Dynamic Learning Program. The results of this study shown that the students are highly knowledgeable about DLP, and this teaching methodology was highly accepted and valued by the PCHS students. The academic performance of the students is above the average, it implies that the students who were exposed to dynamic learning programs have a good performance in their mathematics subject. However, the Pearson product-moment correlation showed that the student's knowledge, attitude, and beliefs on Dynamic learning Program was not significantly correlated to their academic performance. And also, in the multiple-linear regression results showed that students' knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs on dynamic learning couldn't predict the academic performance of the students in their mathematics subject during modular distance learning modality.

Keyword: dynamic learning program, academic performance, knowledge, attitude, beliefs

Reggie Marie M. Coscos 1, Judy Ann D. Doncillo 2, Jeneth M. Sausal 3, Mary Christine M. Tanquilan 4, Sherlyn Rose S. Tumana 5, & Jenyliza T. Ucang 6

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2022.5404

ABSTRACT: Students use self-regulated learning, a self-directed process, to evaluate their learning as they work toward academic objectives. This study aims to determine the degree of self-regulated learning strategy in a flexible learning environment with regard to affective, cognitive, metacognitive, and motivational strategy; ascertain the level of students' academic performance in flexible learning; assess if there is a significant relationship between the students’ academic performance and the self-regulated learning strategies; and find out which variable, singly or in combination, predicts students' academic performance. The study used a descriptive quantitative correlational design. The study is conducted at Valencia National High School, Valencia City, Bukidnon. The research respondents were 150 Grade 10 students. The reseachers used descriptive statistics to determine the level of each sub-variable of self-regulated learning strategies and the students' academic performance. The relationship involving self-regulated learning and students' mathematical performance is examined using Pearson Product Moment Correlation. Finally, to predict which sub-variables predict students' academic performance, it utilizes regression analysis. Results showed that students are indicated positive about self-regulated learning. The student's academic performance is rated as very satisfactory. Henceforth, there is a significant correlation between students' academic performance and their use of a self-regulated learning strategy. Lastly, the sub-variable that predicts students' academic performance is the metacognitive strategy.

Keyword: self-regulated learning strategies, academic performance, flexible learning

Huaqing Zhang 1 and Zhenggen Piao 1

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2022.5405

ABSTRACT: Endodontic disease or periapical disease is one of the most common oral diseases in clinic. Root canal therapy (RCT) is currently the most common and effective method for the treatment of endodontic or periapical diseases. Root canal therapy (RCT) is currently the most common and effective method for the treatment of endodontic or periapical diseases. The complex root canal morphology of mandibular first molar is a major challenge for its root canal treatment. The application of nickel-titanium instruments has brought new breakthroughs in root canal therapy, but also brought some new hidden dangers. This article reviews the research status of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) guided nickel-titanium instruments for mandibular first molar preparation in recent years.

Keyword: root canal therapy；the mandibular first molar；nickel-titanium equipment；cone beam computed tomography

Armawati 1, Rahmat Madjid 2, Laode Muh. Al Basyir Yamin Putra 3, Abdul Razak 4

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2022.5406

ABSTRACT: This research aims to determine and analyze the effects of leadership and organizational commitment on work motivation and performance of the members of Regency Regional Houses of People’s Representatives of North Konawe Regency and analyze the role of work motivation in the relationship of leadership on performance and organizational commitment on performance of the members of Regency Regional Houses of People’s Representatives of North Konawe Regency. There were 20 people as the research samples. The research data were collected using questionnaires and processed using Partial Least Square (PLS). Results of the research show that the leadership gives positive and significant effects on motivation and performance, organizational commitment gives positive and significant effects on motivation and performance. Also, motivation gives positive and significant effects on performance and the variable of work motivation serves a role as a mediating variable in the relationship of leadership on performance and organizational commitment on performance.

Keyword: Leadership, Organizational Commitment, Work Motivation, Performance

Ignitious Moraba and Zeleke Worku

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2022.5407

ABSTRACT: The City of Ekurhuleni is a major metropolitan municipality that provides essential municipal services 3, 178, 470 residents and ratepayers. The purpose of research was to determine the level of satisfaction of people who live and work in the City of Ekurhuleni with the quality of municipal services they are provided with routinely. The survey was conducted by gathering household-level information from 544 residents of Ekurhuleni. The level of satisfaction of respondents with the quality of municipal services was measured by using a matrix of indicators developed by Das, Das and Barman (2021:885-913) for conducting a similar assessment. A composite index developed by D'Inverno and De Witte (2020:1129-1141) was used as a benchmark for measuring the level of services rendered to people who live in the City. The main result of the survey was that 63.05% of people who took part in the survey expressed satisfaction with the quality of services that were rendered to people living in the City. The results showed that 36.95% of people in the survey were not happy with the quality of services rendered to people who live in the City. The survey revealed that satisfaction with services was influenced by the ability of employees of the City to resolve service-related queries promptly, a lengthy duration of residence in Ekurhuleni (11 years or longer), and being provided with accurate financial statements.

Keyword: Ekurhuleni, Quality of municipal services, Factor analysis, Ordered logit analysis

PETER OMOLOLU SUBAIR

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2022.5408

ABSTRACT: The study investigated the influence of self-esteem on academic performance of male and female college students and established relationships between self-esteem and academic performance. Specifically, it described the demographic characteristics of students and analysed the relationship between self-esteem and students' attitude of male and female college students in the study area. Descriptive correlation type of research designed was used to sample 36 male and 66 females with the use of Krecie and Margan (1970) sample size formula. Structured questionnaire was used for data collection and the response rate was about 85.7%. Data collected were described with frequency counts, percentages, mean and standard deviation while the t-statistic in regression was used for data analysis. Among the results, it was found that more female enrolment was recorded in the study area. Respondents were found in their adolescent ages and students with the required experience were sampled for the study. It was found that self-esteem never influenced the academic performance of the male students but it did for the female because their perception had influence on their self-esteem. Therefore, any intervention that will be geared towards improving academic performance of male and female students must be based on their self-esteem with the use of gender less. This will allow stakeholders' interventions to produce desired effects. Parents and government should design programs that will attract and encourage more male enrolment and work on improving their self-esteem through counselling unit of the College.

Keyword: self-esteem, gender, academic performance, college students.

1 Zuraida A.R., 2 Sentoor Kumaran G., 2 Ahmad N. 3 Nur Auni Syazalien A., 1 Nur Najwa Arifah B. and 1 Ayu Nazreena O.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2022.5409

ABSTRACT: The coconut palm, also known as Cocos nucifera L is one of the world's most important annual tropical plantation crops. This tropical crop makes a big difference in terms of food security, nutrition, employment, and income production. The plumule explant was used for this research in order to determine the effect of different concentrations of sucrose with 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) as the plant growth regulator and to perceive the most suitable concentration of sucrose towards callus induction and growth of plumule coconut cv MATAG. Various concentrations of sucrose (15, 30, 45, 60 g/L) with a combination of plant growth regulators of 2,4-D (1, 10, 20, 40, 60 mg/L) were used for callus formation and proliferation. The fastest formation of callus was at 20, 40, 60 mg/L 2,4-D that took 1-2 months. The percentage of explants that produced callus, with the highest percentage (5%) observed at 20-60 mg/L 2, 4-D combined with 30 g/L sucrose treatment. During the 5-6 months of culture, 60% of callus proliferation was obtained at 20 and 40 mg/L of 2, 4-D, respectively. The percentage of callus proliferation continued to increase for another 4 months. It increased up to 90%. Thus, it can be concluded that sucrose at 30 g/L combined with 40 mg/L of 2, 4-D was ideal and gave the best results for callus induction and proliferation.

Keyword: sucrose, 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D), callus induction, f Coconut cv MATAG, Plumule

Edgar M. Anud, Jr.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2022.5410

ABSTRACT: This study investigated the teaching performance of Science teachers in the new normal and their TPACK self-efficacy. Descriptive research design was used. Teachers' performance was assessed using the Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers (PPST) criteria while TPACK self-efficacy was assessed using adopted questionnaires. Three hundred and eighty six (386) Science teachers participated and their responses were analyzed using descriptive designs Results of the study revealed that Science teachers have a very satisfactory teaching performance with high level of TPACK self-efficacy. Therefore, the more aware teachers are with regard to TPACK self-efficacy, the higher the quality of education they can provide.

Keyword: teachers' performance, TPACK self-efficacy, and new normal

John Lloyd P. Alarcon 1, Niko P. Dumagan 2, Milky A.Lumakang 3 and, Arman P. Nuezca, PhD 4

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2022.5411

ABSTRACT: The purpose of the study is to determine the students` attitudes, assess their learning environment, and find out the relationship between students' attitudes and learning environment in virtual laboratory class among 173 science education students from the College of Education, Central Mindanao University. This quantitative study used descriptive correlation research as research design and data analysis. The results of the study revealed that the students' attitude in virtual laboratory classes in terms of inquiry was acceptable, and the enjoyment was highly acceptable among the respondents. For the learning environment in virtual laboratory classes, five dimensions were moderately practiced, namely: integration, material environment, teacher support, task orientation, and investigation. Only the dimension of differentiation was fairly practiced among the science education students. The result of the Pearson (r) correlation shows the significant relationship between the learning environment and students' attitudes in virtual laboratory classes. The study recommends that enhancing the setup for virtual laboratory is one of the keys to promoting a positive attitude and in performance of the students in the activities and experimentations.

Keyword: attitude, learning environment, virtual laboratory, science education

Sophia Baloyi and Zeleke Worku

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2022.5412

ABSTRACT: This research paper is based on a survey carried out in public schools under the northern geographical regions of Tshwane in South Africa. The research work was conducted in order to measure the perception of teachers working in public schools about the relationship between punctuality at school and improved academic performance among young learners attending public schools. The study was conducted by gathering data from 147 teachers working in public schools. About 70% of teachers who took part in the survey indicated that there was a significant association between punctuality and improved academic performance among learners attending public schools.

Keyword: Punctuality, Academic performance, Perception, Learners in public schools

Teddy E. Colipano

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2022.5413

ABSTRACT: This study investigated the factors that influence the business performance of micro-enterprises in Northern Mindanao. Specifically, it examined the profile, marketing practices, entrepreneurial orientation, access to finance, and business performance of these enterprises. The study used responses from 417 micro-enterprises selected through stratified random sampling from the provinces of Bukidnon, Camiguin, Lanao del Norte, Misamis Occidental and Misamis Oriental. A descriptivecorrelational research design was employed to attain the objectives of the study. More than half of micro-enterprises employed 1-4 employees and undertook their business for not more than five years. Marketing practices are implemented most of the time. Their entrepreneurial orientation was high, access to finance was moderate to great, and their business performance for the last three years was average to good. The aggregate multinomial logistic regression analysis reveals that among the variables used in the study, business age, marketing practices, entrepreneurial orientation, and access to finance significantly influence the business performance of micro-enterprises. The multinomial logistic regression per industry analysis yields a different result. In merchandising industry sector, marketing practices, business age, and access to finance influence substantially business performance. In the service industry sector, entrepreneurial orientation, business age, and access to finance significantly influence business performance.

Keyword: Micro-enterprises, Business Performance, Multinomial Logistic Regression

Berhanu Tesema Guta 1

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2022.5414

ABSTRACT: The main purpose of this study was to assess the relation of socio-demographic characteristics of teachers based on eight dimensions of wellness at Nekemte College of teacher education. The study participants were 52(50 males and 2 females) selected using purposive random sampling techniques. The study employed a descriptive survey research approach via qualitative research methods. The study instrument was questionnaires in which ten items were set for every eight dimensions of wellness incorporating four Likert scale options. The results of the study computed using an independent sample t-test revealed that natural science(M=2.377, SD=0.558) and social science (M = 2.299, S.D. = .624),P>.05, Df=50), males (M =2.351, SD =0.384), and females (M = 2.255, SD=.303, P>.05, Df=50 ), and data calculate using One way of ANOVA indicated that the test scores between three groups; age (F=≥.014≤1.217, P=>.05), level of education (F=≥.027≤1.459, P>.05), Length of experiences in teaching (F=≥.054≤1.459, P>.05) supposes to each component of eight dimensions of wellness for teachers, there was no a statistically significant difference respectively. The prediction model was statistically significant, P<.001, R2value of 0.677 indicates that 67.70% of the proportion of variance in the dependent variable explained by the independent variables. From the result, the researcher concluded that there was no statistical significance between groups concerning socio-demographic characteristics based on eight dimensions of wellness for teachers. Finally, the researcher forwards the recommendation thinking as the solution to intensify wellness programs with different activities/unique strategies that satisfy the teachers to be happy and have a healthy lifestyle in their working place, family, and community.

Keyword: Wellness, Dimensions of wellness, Socio-demographic characteristics

Mohammed Aljohani 1, Ibrahim Binmuhainy 2, Mohammed Aljarbou 3, Fahd Algaeed 4, Noura Abbatain 5 and Nora Almajed 6

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2022.5415

ABSTRACT: Objectives: We assessed the attitudes of emergency department (ED) consultants toward family presence during resuscitation (FPDR), to elucidate and provide proof of the benefits of allowing FPDR in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study using a questionnaire electronically sent to all ED consultants from five major government hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The survey examined the consultants' beliefs and perception of FPDR, legalities, policies and the effects and outcomes of FPDR on the patient, family, and themselves. Results: The survey received 172 responses, 55.0% were 36–45 years old and 144 (83.7%) were men. Most respondents (91.36%) had experienced FPDR. Less than half (40.1%) believed that FPDR is beneficial to the patient, and 58.7% believed that FPDR could cause difficulties for the resuscitation team. A written policy for FPDR was preferred by 42% of respondents. Significantly more respondents 36-45 years old recommend allowing FPDR compared to other age groups, and significantly more male consultants in this age group believe there is a positive outcome of FPDR. Conclusion: The attitude and perception of emergency consultants towards the practice of FPDR was less positive than expected. Many consultants did not favor the advantages of FPDR, and were worried about negative outcomes, potential medico-legal repercussions, and the unpleasant experience for the family members, especially female consultants. However, a larger proportion of consultants nevertheless recommend FPDR. The ability of ED doctors to manage FPDR and their understanding of the benefits of FPDR needs to be strengthened.

Keyword: Emergency room, consultants, attitudes, family members, resuscitation.

Akpan, I. P.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2022.5416

ABSTRACT: The study was carried out to evaluate the microbiological quality of Unaminungsold at watt market in Calabar,Nigeria.Samples of Commercial Ui (CUi) from three processors (P1, P2, P3) were assessed for Total Bacteria Count (TBC, log cfu/g) and Total Fungi Count (TFC, log cfu/g)using standard procedures.The bacteria and Fungi isolates were also characterized and identified.The TBC of 3.36 ±0.02 (P2) was higher than 3.17±0.20 (P3) and 3.07±0.11(P1).The bacteria isolated were identified asBacillus spharius, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus avium, Aerococcusviridans. while the fungi isolatewere Verticilliumalbo-atrum, Rhyzopusstolonifera, Penniciliumcitrinum, Candida pseudotropicalis, Candida tropicalis, Saccharomyces estuary.The results revealed that the hygienic condition of the meat was within acceptable standard for human consumption. There is need for the processors to be educated on proper handling and personal hygiene to avoid cross contamination during processing.

Keyword: Total bacterial count; Total Fungi count; Microbial quality; Unaminung; Calabar

Gona Akirso Asaro., Dr. Kimani Sabas and Rev. Dr. Kenneth Makokha.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2022.5417

ABSTRACT: In the contemporary society, more ever than before,humanity is an exigent need of the ethics of responsibility. This article presents EmmanuelLevinas' ethics of responsibility as a foundation for ethical relation. Ethics of responsibility essentially calls for morality, which creates a room for the other and indispensable to eschewing the "I" ascendency. Everyone is morally responsible for his or her neighbour, who is "the Other" either particular or "the third Party." To be human is to be responsible. "The Other" is a key concept in the vocabulary of Levinas and the starting point of his philosophy of ethics. Ethics of responsibility commands the human race to respect the alterity, dignity, rights, and otherness of the Otherthrough ethical relation despite his or her physical dynamics.It is a responsibility that postulates asymmetrical sociality, face-to-face loving encounter, ethical substitution and ethical justice as a paramount to ethical relation in contemporary broken society.

Keyword: Morality, The Other, The Third Party, Alterity, Ethical responsibility, Ethical relation, Asymmetrical sociality, Face-to-face encounter, Ethical substitution and Ethical justice.

AYSE ARSLAN

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2022.5418

ABSTRACT: One of the biggest traps "AI" (artificial intelligence) projects fall into is demanding an entire solution fit into the ML (machine learning) paradigm. One of the continual learning techniques in ML to overcome this challenge is the so called 'Learning to Prompt for Continual Learning (L2P)' that can be applied to practical continual learning scenarios without known task identity or boundaries. L2P uses a single frozen backbone model and learns a prompt pool to conditionally instruct the model. After discussing main categories of recent continual learning algorithms, this paper provides an overview of LSP by discussing its layers.

Keyword: ML, AI, big data

Sheila C. Poonon 1, Hazel E. Soliven 1

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2022.5419

ABSTRACT: The study was conducted to assess the existing supply chain for mudcrab in Region 10 and to identify areas for improvement. The study covered major mudcrab producing areas in Region 10. Reconnaissance survey, courtesy calls and visits to the Local Government Units, Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, and Department of Agriculture Offices in the mudcrab producing areas were done to identify the study sites. Results revealed that almost half (49.42%) of the mudcrab production in the country is from Region 10 which were majority caught/sourced from Panguil Bay. There are four specific supply chains traced. Computation of the marketing cost and margin for each key player revealed that the profit margin is higher towards downstream key players (traders). Also, the shorter the supply chain the more equitable distribution of income is observed. There is no face to face interaction between the local traders and the metro manila traders which resulted to information asymmetry. Some of the issues included mortality of mudcrabs during transport, price fluctuation, opportunistic behavior of the fisherman, and political intervention. Finally, common perception of the interviewed respondents pointed out that mudcrab supply is decreasing in Region 10. Therefore, the need for further intervention project on the production technology/ reinforcement of mudcrab industry should be done.

Keyword: Supply Chain, Mudcrab Industry and Key Players, Cost and Return Analysis, Geographical Flow

MAY LHEENA FONTILA¹, CHERISSA DE JESUS DELMITA², RENEE MAYE GRUSPE BASILA³, MARSHALL JAMES P. DANTIC⁴

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2022.5420

ABSTRACT: Due to the impact of COVID-19 pandemic, the world is facing the new setup of the education system, where blended learning will be used. The teachers' challenges are integrating the innovative programs in different subject areas effectively, how to motivate the students' learning process and ensure that learning continues for all the students. This descriptive survey assessed different factors affecting the effectiveness of Science teachers during COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 44 Science teachers from the schools of Subic National High School, Castillejos National High School and San Guillermo National High School responded to the researcher-crafted survey questionnaire (α=0.962). Results of the study showed that majority of the respondents strongly agree on factors affecting the effectiveness of Science teaching in which expertise in the subject matter is the primary factor followed by teaching performance, administrative support, student’s level of understanding, teacher communication, digital proficiency, instructional materials and professional development. Based on the descriptions of an effective science teaching given by the science teachers, it is said that teaching science concepts can be apply in real life situations. The strategies use to be effective in teaching Science during pandemic must be engage flexible learning. In other factors that may affect the effectiveness of Science teaching is teaching resources. There was no significant difference on the teacher’s perspective of the eight factors affecting the effectiveness of science teaching when grouped according to profile variables. Furthermore, positive significant moderate to high correlations were observed among factors affecting the effectiveness of science teaching in the current pandemic. The study suggests that training and seminars that focuses on enhancing content knowledge and pedagogy in teaching science during pandemic should be given among Science teachers that highlights on techniques and strategies on science teaching during COVID-19 pandemic. Correspondingly, future studies that focus on determining other factors that can affect the effectiveness of science teaching in the current pandemic must be conducted.

Keyword: educational disruption, factors, pandemic, online survey, science teaching

Trang, Vu Thi Quynh

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2022.5421

ABSTRACT: This research is aimed at exploring students' perception on learning writing skills based on Project-based learning (PBL) method. The researcher applied descriptive research design for this study. A questionnaire was designed to find out the student's perception after they had been taught writing skills through PBL for a semester of 3.5 months. Thirty-five students in class 11 Mathematics at Ha Long high school for gifted students participated in the study. The result of this study showed that project-based learning provides immense opportunities for students to develop their writing skills. The students felt more confident in their ability to write, to work with others and to clearly communicate information. In addition, they enjoyed being an active participant in the learning process and assignments and activities in PBL were helpful. Findings from the study suggest that when guiding groups to implement projects, teachers need to make requirements on objectives, set of content-oriented commands, scale, implementation process and products of the project. The plans of the groups are discussed, unified with the teachers and recorded in each individual project. It is also necessary to ask students to clarify the benefits, difficulties encountered and remedies, new ideas for developing the project are born during the implementation of the project by the team.

Keyword: project-based learning, high school students, school for gifted students, writing skills, perceptions.

TCHANILEY Larounga 1*, OUAGBENI Amina Ivette 2, TAGBA Essognim 2

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2022.5422

ABSTRACT: The trial focused on the multiplication of pineapple suckers obtained from their cut stems and grown in trays under 3 treatments with 4 repetitions. The objective of the trial is to test the efficiency of the multiplication of pineapple shoots on the three culture substrates. The experimental device is completely randomized. The T1 treatment consists of cow dung, decomposed plant debris, landfill sand, coarse coconut fibers and those partially powdered. The T2 treatment consists of coarse coconut fibers and those partially powdered. The T3 treatment consists only of white sawdust. The results obtained showed that, 30 days before weaning, the high number of rejections (7.62±2.25) was obtained from the T1 treatment. The pineapple stems of treatments T2 and T3 gave respectively 5.56±2.06 and 6.69±3.38 rejections. At the 4th weaning, the rods of the T1 treatment gave more rejections (10.50 ± 1.29) than those of the T2 and T3 treatments which gave only 8.25 ± 0.96 and 9.50 ± 1 respectively 29 rejections. The suckers of the T1 treatment produced more leaves (22.75±0.96) on the 60th day after the 4th weaning than those of the T2 and T3 treatments which produced only 20.25±0.5 and 22± respectively. 0.82 sheets. They also weighed more (69.57±0.99g) than those of the T2 and T3 treatments which each gave 49.57±1.87g. Thus the approach of the T1 substrate improved the number of suckers, that of the leaves as well as the mass of the suckers.

Keyword: substrate, sawdust, efficacy, weaning, coconut fibers

Innocent Evason Muchawa & Rev. Dr. Josephine Nyambedha & Rev. Dr. John Muhenda

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2022.5423

ABSTRACT: Socialism has been presented as one of the notions which is difficult to be understood in a comprehensive manner. The most important articulation about socialism is the fact that it is about human relations. This aspect is fundamentally in connection with the concept of care for each other as well as the spirit of sharing of earthly privileges which are God's given gifts to the humanity for its survival. What make socialism an issue of human concern is therefore, the struggle to understand on whether human beings are self-sufficient or to be human implies to be in a mutual dependence as ends themselves and not means an end. However, in reference to the values which African socialism propagates, provides a unified platform for a perfect human relation.

Keyword: Socialism, African socialism, Liberalism, Capitalism, Civilization, Human relations, Human values

Dr. Paul Phooko (DBA).

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2022.5424

ABSTRACT: This research study aims to explore the status of Pilot Training in South Africa's aviation industry. The study is premised on the underlying assumption that the current existing Instructor’s training (Theory and Practical) have a huge impact on the progression of students. The study will diagnose the challenges or gaps in the training sector as experienced by students Pilots who are respondents in the study. Participants of this study were Pilots students across the Republic of South Africa undergoing Private Pilot Licence training and Commercial Pilot Licence training. They all willingly gave consent to participate in the study (n = 211).

Keyword: Private Pilot Licence (PPL), Commercial Pilot Licence (CPL), Aviation Training Organisation (ATO)